CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (OR IF CLAUSES)

PROFESSOR ILÁZARO FIGUEIREDO NAZARIO

TYPE 0 -  IT REFERS TO GENERAL TRUTHS, OR SCIENTIFIC FACTS.

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT      &      SIMPLE PRESENT      (NEED TO/WANT TO + HAVE TO)  -   SITUAÇÃO REAL

                       IF CLAUSE          THEN         MAIN SENTENCE

MODEL: If you need a good result,                you have to study hard.

               If Allan wants to pass the exam       he has to dedicate harder.

 

TYPE 1

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT      &      FUTURE (WILL) -  SITUAÇÃO PROVÁVEL (PODERÁ SE TORNAR REAL)

                       IF CLAUSE         THEN          MAIN SENTENCE

MODEL: If I find her address,                        I will send her an invitation.

               If Allan studies harder,                    he’ll pass the exam.

 

TYPE 2

IF + SIMPLE PAST      &       CONDITIONAL SIMPLE (= WOULD + INFINITIVE)   -   SITUAÇÃO IRREAL / IMPROVÁVEL

                       IF CLAUSE        THEN          MAIN SENTENCE

MODEL:  If I found her address,                   I would send her an invitation.

                If Allan studied harder,                  he would pass the exam.

 

TYPE 3FOCUS ON THE PAST

                     SUMMARIZING

TYPE 0: SIMPLE PRESENT & SIMPLE PRESENT

TUPE 1: SIMPLE PRESENT & SIMPLE FUTURE

TYPE 2: SIMPE PAST & CONDITIONAL SIMPLE

TYPE 3: PAST PERFECT & CONDITIONAL PERFECT

 

 
IF + PAST PERFECT   &  CONDITIONAL PERFECT (= WOULD + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE)   -   SITUAÇÃO  IMPOSSIVEL (A QUAL DEVERIA TER ACONTECIDO E NÃO ACONTECEU)

                       IF CLAUSE         THEN        MAIN SENTENCE  

MODEL: If I had found her address,            I would have sent her an invitation.

               If Allan had studied harder,           he would have passed the exam.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CASOS ESPECIAIS DE CONDITIOANAL SENTENCES (6 TIPOS)

PROFESSOR ILÁZARO FIGUEIREDO NAZARIO

 

1. O verbo to be no passado tem a forma were para todas as pessoas quando aparece em orações condicionais.

               IF CLAUSE            THEN          MAIN SENTENCE  

MODEL: If I were you,                               I wouldn't go out tonight

               If he were intelligent                   he would study harder

 

2. Quando se deseja expressar verdades universais ou leis naturais, os verbos das duas orações podem aparecer no presente simples.

               IF CLAUSE             THEN         MAIN SENTENCE  

MODEL: If you heat a metal,                     it expands

 

3. Pode-se usar o presente simples com o imperativo.

               IF CLAUSE          THEN            MAIN SENTENCE  

MODEL: If you have any problem,            call me.

               If the phone rings,                       please answer it.

 

4. Quando na frase houver had ou were, pode-se omitir o if fazendo-se a inversão do verbo com o sujeito (para enfatizar a condição apresentada).

               IF CLAUSE          THEN            MAIN SENTENCE                                     MAKING THE INVERSION OF THE VERB

MODEL: If John had arrived early,            he would have seen the show.                  Had John arrived early, he would have seen the show.

               If I were rich,                               I would buy her a present.                         Were I rich, I would buy her a present.

 

5. Unless (se não; a menos que) pode ser usado em lugar de if not.

               IF CLAUSE            THEN           MAIN SENTENCE                                     CHANGING IF BY UNLESS

MODEL: if you don't invite Bill,                  he  won't come to the party.                       Bill won't come to the party unless you invite him.

 

6. Observe como se emprega can, could em períodos compostos com orações condicionais:

               IF CLAUSE             THEN          MAIN SENTENCE                                      MEANING OF CAN / COULD

MODEL: If he gets that job,                 he can buy the house.                      (can = will be able to)

            If he got that job,                  he could buy the house.                    (could - would be able to)

 

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